Search results for "CT scan"

Measurement of body composition in cancer patients using CT planning scan at the third lumbar vertebra

2019

Objective: the main objective was to assess body composition in terms of skeletal muscle index (SMI), myosteatosis, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) as an adjunct of information provided by radiotherapy CT planning scan. Material and methods: a sample of 49 patients with lung and digestive cancers underwent a CT scan for radiotherapy treatment, which included measurements at the L3 region. Images were analyzed with a radiotherapy contouring software, using different Hounsfield Unit (HU) settings. Cross-sectional areas (cm2) were automatically computed by summing tissue pixels and multiplying by pixel surface area. Low …

Diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia from a single selectional crosscut at C3 region, using CT scans before radiotherapy

2019

espanolProposito: el proposito de este estudio fue diagnosticar la presarcopenia en pacientes con cancer que no disponen de imagenes por tomografia computarizada (TC) a nivel abdominal mediante un metodo novedoso basado en cortes a nivel cervical. Material y metodos: se analizaron y se compararon mediante unidades la masa muscular y la masa muscular esqueletica en 37 pacientes con cancer de pulmon y neoplasias del aparato digestivo superior que incluian cortes en la TC de planificacion a nivel de C3 y L3. La presarcopenia se identifico de acuerdo con los puntos de corte establecidos actualmente: ≤ 41 cm2/m2 para mujeres, ≤ 43 cm2/m2 en hombres con un IMC ≤ 25 kg/m2 y ≤ 53 cm2/m2 en hombres …

Bowel wall thickening: inquire or not inquire? Our guidelines

2018

Introduction Bowel wall thickening is not an uncommon finding among patient undergoing abdomen CT scan. It may be caused by neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious or ischaemic conditions but also be a normal variant. Although specific radiologic patterns may direct to a precise diagnosis, occasionally misidentification may occur. Thus, in the absence of guidelines, further and not always needed diagnostic procedures (colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy or capsule endoscopy) are performed. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective study on data collected from May 2016 to June 2017. We selected 40 adult patients, admitted in Emergency Department with "abdominal pain" and undergone a…

An execution in medieval Sicily: Computerised tomography scan analysis and 3D reconstruction of an ancient forensic context

2019

The bioarchaeological and forensic approach is increasingly applied in the study of funerary contexts in archaeology. Here, we present a case of an atypical medieval burial recently discovered in Piazza Armerina (Sicily), in which the integrated use of traditional bioarchaeological and forensic anthropology methods was crucial. The skeleton was lying in a prone position and was characterised by a peculiar injury pattern. We recorded six clear stab wound marks on the posterior surface of the sternum. The use of computerised tomography scan and 3D modelling techniques has made it possible to obtain a reliable reconstruction of the cause and modality of death, pointing to the execution of the …

Machine learning classification for COVID19 patients performed on small datasets of CT scans.

2022

In this work we evaluated the possibility of carrying out classifications of the outcome of patients with COVID19 disease through machine learning (ML) techniques working on small datasets of computed tomography (CT) images. In fact, one of the most common problems for medical artificial intelligence (AI) applications is the limited availability of annotated clinical data for model training. In the framework of the artificial intelligence in medicine (AIM) project funded by INFN, we analyzed datasets of CT scans of 79 subjects combined with clinical data containing information relating to positive outcome (no need for intensive care) or poor prognosis (admission into intensive care unit and…

Cerebral Venous Sinus Espansion in Post Puncture Headache

2004

Hemoperitoneum following mild blunt abdominal trauma: First presentation of Crohn's disease

2014

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases are heterogeneous in their presentation. Crohn's disease (CD) has been described as an unusual cause of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We present a patient with CD whose first presentation was hemoperitoneum following mild blunt abdominal trauma Case presentation: A 54-year-old woman came to the emergency room with a blunt abdominal trauma. The patient underwent an abdominal CT scan with i.v. contrast medium injection, which showed hemoperitoneum with stenotic strictures of the small bowel and active massive bleeding from ileocolic artery. The rapid anemia onset and the CT report induced us to perform blood transfusion and an emergency exp…

Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy and preoperative predictive factors

2021

AbstractLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard technique for treatment of gallbladder disease. In case of acute cholecystitis we can identify preoperative factors associated with an increased risk of conversion and intraoperative complications. The aim of our study was to detect preoperative laboratory and radiological findings predictive of difficult LC with potential advantages for both the surgeons and patients in terms of options for management. We designed a retrospective case–control study to compare preoperative predictive factors of difficult LC in patients treated in emergency setting between January 2015 and December 2019. We included in the difficult LC group the surge…

EPI-CT: design, challenges and epidemiological methods of an international study on cancer risk after paediatric and young adult CT

2015

Computed tomography (CT) has great clinical utility and its usage has increased dramatically over the years. Concerns have been raised, however, about health impacts of ionising radiation exposure from CTs, particularly in children, who have a higher risk for some radiation induced diseases. Direct estimation of the health impact of these exposures is needed, but the conduct of epidemiological studies of paediatric CT populations poses a number of challenges which, if not addressed, could invalidate the results. The aim of the present paper is to review the main challenges of a study on the health impact of paediatric CTs and how the protocol of the European collaborative study EPI-CT, coor…

3D segmentation of abdominal aorta from CT-scan and MR images

2012

International audience; We designed a generic method for segmenting the aneurismal sac of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) both from multi-slice MR and CT-scan examinations. It is a semi-automatic method requiring little human intervention and based on graph cut theory to segment the lumen interface and the aortic wall of AAAs. Our segmentation method works independently on MRI and CT-scan volumes and has been tested on a 44 patient dataset and 10 synthetic images. Segmentation and maximum diameter estimation were compared to manual tracing from 4 experts. An inter-observer study was performed in order to measure the variability range of a human observer. Based on three metrics (the maxim…